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Showing posts with the label Deng Xiaoping

China’s cultural revolution: A period of growth or an advocacy for continuity?

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Set about with Mao Zedong’s promise to the public of achieving “all this and heaven too” in what would supposedly appear as a brief yet transformative period in which a renaissance in cultural and social thought could be accomplished, one may consider the cultural revolution as a process somewhat akin to the proposal of a permanent revolution. However, this would appear to be a rather superficial perspective on the matter that clearly lacks nuance. This would be due to the ironically more socially conservative elements of the approaches advocated by Mao’s government which had proven to put emphasis on traditional Chinese values and models for society which revolved around the preservation of the existing power structures that acted as the basis of the existing issues regarding class struggle, lack of individual and collective liberty, and wealth and power being concentrated amongst the elites. This also appears to go hand in hand with the strong sense of resistance by the proletariat d...

Reconsidering the Proletariat: More Than Just the Working Classes

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  In quotidian terms, the proletariat is considered by many to refer to those on the lowest wages and most limited influence in the workplace and that do not own, or, alternatively, often being used by some as a term to describe the working classes. With both uses of this term, the interests and positions of the proletariat are considered to clearly be exploited by and opposite to those of the bourgeois (which are widely considered to have greater wealth and influence in society). However, as we can observe when looking at the proletariat in its purest form and upon only observing it without comparison to the bourgeois, it is clear that wealth does not in any way factor into whether an individual can qualify as a proletarian, as well as the proof that it can be entirely possible to qualify as a proletarian yet still have adopted the income and lifestyle of those considered as bourgeois. As observed by Rosa Luxemburg on analysing the Marxist view on the position of the proletariat i...

The Politicisation of Feminism as Applied to Marxism

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With many interpretations of feminism and sexual expression being based around Marx and Engels' ideas, and with these ideas being very much in line the radical feminist ideas of women being heavily sexually oppressed with all relations between women and men featuring an exploitation and imbalance in power by the men over them as the lesser sex (or akin to the proletariat while the men function as the bourgeoisie as described by Marx and Engels) with this largely being attributed to their role and position in society, the liberation of women and social progress in understanding their rights can be seen to largely be supported by a more liberal and progressive socialist society. As a result, the development of the theory of Marxist Feminism and the women's revolution against their treatment when working in domestic labour, as can be observed throughout the last century, can lead to the politicisation of feminism and this being associated with socialist movements. In his 1848 Comm...

China's 1949-52 land reforms: The liberation of the working class or the preservation of the bourgeois society?

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“Eating from a big [common] pot breeds laziness” These were the words of Deng Xiaoping when declaring the need to dismantle the communes and intend to redistribute land and capital amongst the peasants and increase their power within society. While these principles (ignoring the anti-state and pro-capitalist ideas clearly present in the quote above) might appear to evoke an anti-feudal sentiment and aims to dismantle the bourgeoisie with the proletariat needs central to the running of society, it appears that this was the main means of paving the way for a capitalist society to remain in China and further promote the feudal system which ironically, would be run be the proletarians and serfs originally exploited by this and intending to dismantle it. While arguing that it was liberating the working classes, it was further keeping those below them within the constraints of the society repressing them. This presents the crossing of paths of capitalism and communism and the events in the ...